How Can Women Protect Themselves from Cancer Risks During Perimenopause?

Perimenopause, the transitional phase before menopause, typically occurs in a woman’s 40s or 50s and brings significant hormonal changes.

These fluctuations can lead to various physical and emotional shifts while also increasing the risk of certain cancers, including breast, ovarian, and colorectal cancer. However, proactive lifestyle choices, medical advancements, and regular screenings can help women navigate this phase while minimizing health risks.

The Role of Diet in Cancer Prevention
“A healthy diet is key to cancer prevention,” says Dr. Sonia Golani, Consultant Gynaecologist and Obstetrician, Bhailal Amin General Hospital, Mumbai. “Women in perimenopause should prioritize foods rich in fiber, antioxidants, and healthy fats to support hormone regulation and overall well-being.”

Fiber-rich foods such as whole grains, legumes, fruits, and vegetables aid digestion and help regulate hormone levels, reducing the risk of breast and colorectal cancer. Antioxidant-packed foods—including berries, green vegetables, nuts, and seeds—combat oxidative stress and inflammation, key contributors to cancer. Additionally, omega-3-rich sources like fatty fish, flaxseeds, and walnuts have been found to inhibit inflammation and lower cancer risks.

On the other hand, excessive consumption of processed and red meats has been linked to colorectal cancer. “Research indicates that limiting red and processed meat intake can significantly reduce cancer risk,” adds Dr. Golani.

Managing Weight and Lifestyle Choices
Hormonal changes during perimenopause often lead to weight gain, which can increase susceptibility to hormone-dependent cancers such as breast and endometrial cancer. Dr. Golani stresses that maintaining a healthy weight through balanced nutrition and regular physical activity is crucial.

Lifestyle choices such as alcohol consumption and smoking also play a significant role in cancer risk. “Even light drinking can elevate the risk of breast cancer by affecting estrogen levels,” she explains. “Similarly, smoking is a major cause of various cancers, making it essential for women to seek counseling if they wish to quit.”

The Role of Hormone Therapy and Medical Advancements
Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) is commonly used to alleviate perimenopausal symptoms, but it carries potential risks. “HRT can increase the chances of developing endometrial and breast cancer,” warns Dr. Golani. “Women should explore non-hormonal alternatives or lifestyle modifications to manage symptoms with fewer risks.”